hydrocyanicacid

中文别名：氢氰酸
中文释义：氰化氢;对甲氧基苯甲腈;氢氰酸
英文别名：hydrogen cyanide;
formonitrile;
Blausaeure;
prussic acid;
carbonitrile;
Cyanwasserstoff;
Zaclondiscoids;
Zyklon B;
hydrocyanic acid;
methylnitrile;
Formic anammonide;
Evercyn
cas No.：74-90-8
分子式：
CHN
分子量：27.03
精确分子量：27.01090
PSA：23.79000
InChI：The Key: XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-O
分子结构式：

物化性质

外观与性状：

无色或淡蓝色液体,或无色气体(取决于温度),带有一种苦杏仁气味

密度：

0.69

熔点：

-14ºC

沸点：

25 - 26ºC

闪点：

17.5ºC

折射率：

n20/D 1.531(lit.)

存储条件/存储方法：

库房通风低温干燥,与酸,碱,氧化剂分开储运

稳定性相关：

1.气态氢氰酸一般不产生聚合，但有水分凝聚时，会有聚合反应出现，空气(氧)并不促进聚合反应。液态氢氰酸或其水溶液，在碱性、高温、长时间放置、受光和放射线照射、放电以及电解条件下，都会引起聚合。聚合开始后，产生的热量又会引起聚合的连锁反应，从而加速聚合反应的进行，同时放出大量热能，引起猛烈的爆炸，爆炸极限5.6％～40％(体积)。其蒸气燃烧呈蓝色火焰。空气中有氢氰酸存在时，用联苯胺-乙酸铜试纸测定呈蓝色反应，用甲基橙-氯化汞(Ⅱ)试纸测定由橙色变粉红色，用苦味酸一碳酸钠试纸测定由黄色变为茶色。剧毒!

2.稳定性^[17] 稳定

3.禁配物^[18] 强氧化剂、碱类、酸类

4.避免接触的条件^[19] 受热、光照

5.聚合危害^[20] 聚合

6.分解产物^[21] 氮氧化物

其它信息：

1.性状：无色液体或气体，有苦杏仁味。^[1]

2.熔点（℃）：-13.2^[2]

3.沸点（℃）：25.7^[3]

4.相对密度（水=1）：0.69^[4]

5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：0.93^[5]

6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：82.46（20℃）^[6]

7.临界温度（℃）：183.5^[7]

8.临界压力（MPa）：4.95^[8]

9.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.25^[9]

10.闪点（℃）：-17.8^[10]

11.引燃温度（℃）：538^[11]

12.爆炸上限（%）：40.0^[12]

13.爆炸下限（%）：5.6^[13]

14.溶解性：溶于水、乙醇、乙醚等。^[14]

安全信息

外观与性状：

无色或淡蓝色液体,或无色气体(取决于温度),带有一种苦杏仁气味

密度：

0.69

熔点：

-14ºC

沸点：

25 - 26ºC

闪点：

17.5ºC

折射率：

n20/D 1.531(lit.)

存储条件/存储方法：

库房通风低温干燥,与酸,碱,氧化剂分开储运

稳定性相关：

2.稳定性^[17] 稳定

3.禁配物^[18] 强氧化剂、碱类、酸类

4.避免接触的条件^[19] 受热、光照

5.聚合危害^[20] 聚合

6.分解产物^[21] 氮氧化物

其它信息：

1.性状：无色液体或气体，有苦杏仁味。^[1]

2.熔点（℃）：-13.2^[2]

3.沸点（℃）：25.7^[3]

4.相对密度（水=1）：0.69^[4]

5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：0.93^[5]

6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：82.46（20℃）^[6]

7.临界温度（℃）：183.5^[7]

8.临界压力（MPa）：4.95^[8]

9.辛醇/水分配系数：-0.25^[9]

10.闪点（℃）：-17.8^[10]

11.引燃温度（℃）：538^[11]

12.爆炸上限（%）：40.0^[12]

13.爆炸下限（%）：5.6^[13]

14.溶解性：溶于水、乙醇、乙醚等。^[14]

毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MW6825000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Hydrocyanic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 74-90-8

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1718793

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 81

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C-H-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 27.03

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: H CN

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 570 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PCOC** Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. (Topeka, KS) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,596,1966

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/m3/3M-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :: HUTODJ Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,57,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 120 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,255,1942

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/m3/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: WHOTAC World Health Organization, Technical Report Series. (WHO, 1211 Geneva, 27, Switzerland) No.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: -,30,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/m3/2M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,75,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: SCJUAD Science Journal. (London, UK) V.1-7, 1965-71. For publisher information, see NWSCAL. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3(4),33,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB158-508

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 1471 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 160 ppm/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,236,1987

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 810 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: APFRAD Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1943- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,740,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 323 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,417,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2990 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. (London, UK) V.1-33, 1946-68. For publisher information, see BJPCBM. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,455,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 990 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. (London, UK) V.1-33, 1946-68. For publisher information, see BJPCBM. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,455,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1340 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 1300 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 810 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1570 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. (London, UK) V.1-33, 1946-68. For publisher information, see BJPCBM. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,455,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BJPCAL British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. (London, UK) V.1-33, 1946-68. For publisher information, see BJPCBM. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,455,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 660 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 486 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(3),120,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Ocular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1040 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :: JTOTDO Journal of Toxicology, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,119,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,496,1971

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1430 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A028-501

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 2150 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - duck

DOSE/DURATION :: 3280 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 660 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB158-508

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,65,1928

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 36 ppm/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,231,1933

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - wild bird species

DOSE/DURATION :: 7500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - wild bird species

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ug/kg

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 5 mg/m3 (4.7 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JOCMA7 Journal of Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-9, 1957-67. For publisher information, see:JJOMDZ Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,281,1959 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:STEL 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 ppm (2 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm;STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:STEL 10 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HYDROGEN CYANIDE-air:STEL 4.7 ppm (Sk)REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 38530 No. of Facilities: 461 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 17 No. of Employees: 2137 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 38530 No. of Facilities: 91 (estimated) No. of Industries: 13 No. of Occupations: 57 No. of Employees: 3994 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 254 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1、浓度高时急性中毒，几乎会立即失去知觉，发生呼吸麻痹，不久出现心脏麻痹。浓度较低时，中毒最初阶段：喉咙搔痒，口中有苦辣味道、流涎、头晕，胃部感到发热、恶心、呕吐，有大便感觉，呼吸加快，加深，头部充血，心悸等。之后进入呼吸困难、痉挛、麻痹或窒息阶段。慢性中毒表现为头痛、乏力、易疲劳、全身不适、头晕、多汗、恶心、上腹部痛、消化不良、四肢及心脏疼痛、心动过速。对皮肤表现出弱刺激作用，进入眼内可引起局部的刺激作用。最高容许浓度为0.3 mg/m3。致死量为1 mg/kg(体重)。中毒事故发生时，应速将患者抬到空气新鲜处，脱去污染衣服，安静、保温，用解毒剂连续进行解毒治疗。首先吸入滴在棉花上的亚硝酸异戊酯，然后静脉注射10～15 ml、2%NaNO2，溶液或50 ml蓝色蒙，经3～5 min后，再静脉注射30%硫代硫酸钠溶液50 ml。每10 min以半量重复给予解毒剂，2～3次。同时给患者吸氧，待出现呼吸恢复后住院治疗。工作时可采用B型过滤式工业用防毒面具，当氰化氢浓度为(10±1)mg/L时，防护时间为30min。带有对烟和粉尘有效的防护过滤器，防护时间为70 min。必须用橡胶及塑料保护皮肤，必须保证氰化氢排出装置的密闭性。应在危险地区采取监测和音响警报，当氰化氢浓度达5 mg/m3时，发出指示不应晚于6 min。应严格遵守个人卫生措施，所有工人必须了解氰化物的有害作用及对患者的急救措施，每年进行定期体检。

2.急性毒性^[15] LC50：357mg/m³（小鼠吸入，5min）

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[16]

LC50：0.24mg/L（48h）（黑头呆鱼）；0.16mg/L（48h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）；0.068mg/L（48h）（虹鳟鱼）

IC50：1.8mg/L（48h）（水蚤）

2.生物降解性 暂无资料

3.非生物降解性 暂无资料

MSDS

国标编号:	61003
ＣＡＳ:	74-90-8
中文名称:	氰化氢
英文名称:	hydrogen cyanide
别名:	氢氰酸
分子式:	HCN
分子量:	27.03
熔点:	-13.2℃ 沸点：25.7℃
密度:	相对密度(水=1)0.69；
蒸汽压:	-17.8℃
溶解性:	溶于水、醇、醚等
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	无色气体或液体，有苦杏仁味
危险标记:	13(无机剧毒品)，7(易燃液体)
用途:	用于丙烯腈和丙烯酸树脂及农药杀虫剂的制造

2.对环境的影响一、健康危害侵入途径：吸入、食入。健康危害：抑制呼吸酶，造成细胞内窒息。急性中毒：短时间内吸入高浓度氰化氢气体，可立即呼吸停止而死亡。非骤死者临床分为4期，前驱期有粘膜刺激、呼吸加快加深、乏力、头痛，口服有舌尖、口腔发麻等；呼吸困难、血压升高、皮肤粘膜呈鲜红色等；惊厥期出现抽搐、昏迷、呼吸衰竭；麻痹期全身肌肉松弛，呼吸心跳停止而死亡。可致眼、皮肤灼伤，吸收引起中毒。慢性影响：神经衰弱综合征、皮炎。各种温血动物的中毒表现基本相同，呼吸先快后慢，瘫痪、侧卧、痉挛、窒息、呼吸停止、死亡，一般呼吸停止5～10分钟，心跳停止。猫、狗、猴还有呕吐表现。氰化氢具有速杀性。中毒严重时，能使人很快死亡。低浓度时，无积累作用。当空气中浓度低于0.04mg/L时，对人员长时间的作用也无危险。初闻到时，有不同程度的刺激作用。口内有苦杏仁味，口舌发麻，紧接着头痛、胸闷、呼吸困难、身体不支、意志消失、强直性痉挛，最后全身麻痹以至死亡。二、毒理学资料及环境行为急性中毒：LD50810μg/kg(大鼠静脉)；3700μg/kg(小鼠经口)；LC50357mg/m3，5分钟(小鼠吸入) 污染来源：氰化物主要用于电镀业（镀铜、镀金、镀银），采矿业（提取金、银），船舱烟熏灭鼠，制造各种树脂如硝基丙烯酸类单体，制造己二胺及腈类。也可作为中间产物产生，在焦炭炉中也可产生氰化氢。代谢和降解：游离氰基在体内主要代谢途径是在硫氰化酶(或β巯基丙酮酸转硫酶)的催化作用下，与硫起加成反应，转变成毒性很低的SCN(只有CN-毒性的1/200)。然后由尿、唾液、汗液等排出体外。游离氰基还可与体内含钴的化合物如羟钴胺(维生素B12)结合形成无毒的氰钴化合物。因此临床上有用羟钴胺或依地酸二钴抢救CN-急性中毒的报告。人体对CN-有较强的解毒机能，氰化物是非蓄积性毒物。当不致产生中毒剂量的少量外源性氰根进入机体后，可被迅速转化为无毒或低毒物质排出体外。氰化物在地面水中很不稳定，当水的pH值大于7和有氧存在的条件下，可被氧化生成碳酸盐与氨。地面水中带存在着能够分解利用氰化物的微生物，亦可将氰经生物氧化用途转化为碳酸盐与氨。因此氰化物在地面水中的自净过程相当迅速，但水体中氰化物的自净过程还要受水温，水的曝气程度(搅动)、pH、水面大小及深度等因素影响。土壤对氰化物出有很强的净化能力。进入寺壤的氰化物，除逸散至空气中的外，一部分被植物吸收，在植物体内被同化或氧化分解。存留于土壤中并部分在微生物的作用下，可被转化为碳酸盐、氨和甲酸盐。当氰化物持续污染时，土壤微生物经驯化、毓可产生相适应的微生物群，对氰的净化起巨大作用。因此有些低浓度含氰工业废水长期进行污水灌溉的地区，土壤中的氰含量几乎没有积累。残留与蓄积：自然界对氰化物的污染有很强的净化作用，因此，一般来说外源氰不易在环境和机体中积累。只有在特定条件下(事故排放、高浓度持续污染)，氰的污染量超过环境的净化能力时，才能在环境中残留、蓄积，从而构成对人和生物的潜在危害。迁移转化：氰化物广泛地存在于自然界中。动植物体内都含有一些氰类物质，有些植物如苦杏仁、白果、果仁、木薯、高梁等含有相当量的含氰糖甙。它水解后释放出洲离的氰化氢，在一些普通粮食、蔬菜中，也可检出微量氰。土壤中也普遍含有氰化物，并随土壤深度的增加而递减，其含量为0.003-0.130mg/kg。天然土壤中的氰化物主要来自土壤腐植质。腐植质是一类复杂的有机化合物，其核心由多元酚聚合而成，并含有一定数量的氮化合物。在土壤微生物作用下，可以生成氰和酚，因此土壤中氰的本底含量与其中有机质的含量密切相关。由于氰化氢及易挥发，多数氰化物易溶于水，因此排入自然环境中的氰化物易被水(或大气)淋溶稀释、扩散，迁移能力强。氰化氢和简单氰化物在地面水中很不稳定，氰化氢易逸入空气中；或当水的pH值大于7和有氧存在的条件下，亦可被氧化而生成碳酸盐与氨。简单氰化物在水中很易水解而形成氰化氢。水中如含无机酸，即使是二氧化碳溶于水中生成的碳酸(弱酸)，亦可加速此分解过程。 HCN是有苦杏仁味的气味，极易扩散，易溶于水而成氢氰酸；氰化物一般为无色晶体，在空气中易潮解并有HCN的微弱臭味，能使水产生杏仁臭。氰化物中毒的症状为：轻者有粘膜刺激，唇舌麻木头痛、眩晕、下肢无力、胸部有压迫感、恶心、呕吐、血压上升、心悸、气喘等。重者呼吸不规则，逐渐昏迷、痉挛、大小便失禁、血压下降、迅速发生呼吸障碍而死亡。危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。长期放置则因水分而聚合，聚合物本身有自催化作用，可引起爆炸。燃烧分解产物：氰化氢、氮氧化物。 3.现场应急监测方法 ①便携式气体检测仪器：胶比电解式；②常用快速化学分析方法：甲基橙检测管法、联苯胺检测管法、指示笔法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编 4.实验室监测方法异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法(HJ/T28-1999，固定污染源排气) 联邻甲苯胺检气管比长度法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)杭士平主编 5.环境标准中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.3mg/m3[皮] 前苏联(1974) 居民区大气中有害物最大允许浓度 0.01mg/m3(昼夜均值) 中国(GB16297-1996) 大气污染物综合排放标准 ①最高允许排放浓度： 2.3mg/m3(表1)；1.9mg/m3(表2) ②最高允许排放速率(kg/h)：二级0.18～5.5(表1)；0.15～4.6(表2) 三级0.28～8.3(表1)；0.24～7.0(表2) ③无组织排放监控浓度限值： 0.024mg/m3(表2)；0.030mg/m3(表1) 6.应急处理处置方法一、泄漏应急措施对泄漏物处理必须戴好防毒面具与手套，扫起，倒至大量水中。加入过量NaClO或漂白粉，放置24小时，确认氰化物全部分解，稀释后放入废水系统。污染区用NaClO溶液或漂白粉浸光24小时后，用大量水冲洗，洗水放入废水系统统一处理。对HCN则应将气体送至通风橱或将气体导入碳酸钠溶液中，加等量的NaClO，以6mol/L NaOH中和，污水放入废水系统做统一处理。废弃物处置方法：废料放入碱性介质中，通氯气或加次氯酸盐使之转化成氨气和二氧化碳。还可以采用控制焚烧法把氰化物完全破坏。氨氧化过程的废气中含有可回收的氢氰酸。二、防护措施呼吸系统防护：可能接触毒物时，应该佩戴隔离式呼吸器。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，必须佩戴氧气呼吸器。眼睛防护：呼吸系统防护中已作防护。身体防护：穿连衣式胶布防毒衣。手防护：戴橡胶手套。其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。保持良好的卫生习惯。车间应配备急救设备及药品。作业人员应学会自救互救。三、急救措施皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用流动清水或5%硫代硫酸钠溶液彻底冲洗至少20分钟。就医。眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。呼吸心跳停止时，立即进行人工呼吸(勿用口对口)和胸外心脏按压术，给吸入亚硝酸异戊酯，就医。食入：饮足量温水，催吐，用1：5000高锰酸钾或5%硫代硫酸钠溶液洗胃。就医。灭火方法：切断气源。若不能立即切断气源，则不允许熄灭正在燃烧的气体。消防人员必须穿戴全身专用防护服，佩戴气氛呼吸器，在安全距离以外或有防护措施处操作。灭火剂：干粉、抗溶性泡沫、二氧化碳。用水灭火无效，但须用水保持火场容器冷却。用雾状水驱散蒸气。

海关数据

中国海关编码：2926909090

概述：: 2926909090 其他腈基化合物. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最惠国关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%
申报要素：: 品名, 成分含量, 用途
摘要/Summary：: HS:2926909090 other nitrile-function compounds VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率：6.41

2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：38.8

3、等张比容（90.2K）：38.8

4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：18.8

5、极化率（10-24cm3）：2.54

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:0.1

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:2

6.拓扑分子极性表面积23.8

7.重原子数量:2

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:10

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1