- 中文别名：叠氮化钠
- 中文释义：叠氮化钠;防腐剂N3;迭氮化钠
- 英文别名：sodium azide;
u-3886;
natriumazid;
nemazyd;
azydeksodu;
Sodium azide;
Hydrazoic acid sodium salt;
Azidosodium;
azium;
kazoe;
Smite - cas No.：26628-22-8
- 分子式：
N3Na
- 分子量：65.00990
- 精确分子量：64.99900
- PSA：49.75000
- MDL：MFCD00003536
- InChI：InChI=1/N3.Na/c1-3-2;/q-1;+1
- 分子结构式：
物化性质
- 外观与性状：
- 无色六角结晶性粉末。
- 密度：
- 1.85
- 熔点：
- 275 °C
- 沸点：
- 300 °C
- 闪点：
- 300 °C
- 水溶解性：
- 420 g/L (17 ºC)
- 存储条件/存储方法：
- 2-8°C
- 稳定性相关：
1.在高于其熔点的温度下可分解爆炸；可以与金属、酸和氯化溶剂形成叠氮化物，有爆炸危险；所有用量应很少，操作应该在通风橱中进行；多余的叠氮化钠应该在通风橱中用酸化的亚硝酸钠浸泡或者用四价的硝酸铵铈盐氧化除掉[1]。
叠氮化钠是一种有亲核性的叠氮化物，通常情况下，几何异构的二卤化物与叠氮化钠反应，生成有几何异构的叠氮化物[2]；在相同的条件下，也会出现不寻常的腈化物[3]。二氧磷化物的叠氮化开环反应的立体选择与溶剂有很大关系 (式1)[4]。
在NH4Cl溶液中，NaN3与环氧酯反应，可以得到产率为60%的产物 (式2)[5]。
在亲核试剂存在下，可以实现异氰酸酯的诱导。一些环酐类物质反应生成异氰酸酯后，可以连续地进行环化。在甲醇中，N-acyloxazo- lidinone与NaN3反应，生成相应的醇 (式3)[6]。此外，酯在NaN3的甲醇溶液中发生裂解，生成醇 (式4) [7]。
有机叠氮化物与烯烃反应，可以得到三唑啉 (三唑由炔得到)、吖丙啶和其它的杂环化合物[8]。产生的三唑啉随后进行裂解，可以得到其它的杂环化合物 (式5)[9]。叠氮化钠和α,β-不饱和烯烃 (或者炔烃) 反应，根据取代的不同情况得到不同的杂环化合物 (式6)[10]。
N,N-二乙基甲酰基叠氮化物可以通过NaN3与三乙胺反应制得 (式7)[11]。芳香醛与NaN3在室温下反应，生成芳香醛叠氮化物 (式8)[12]。
2.稳定性[20] 不稳定
3.禁配物[21] 酸类、酰基氯、活性金属粉末、强氧化剂
4.避免接触的条件[22] 受热、摩擦、震动、撞击
5.聚合危害[23] 不聚合
- 其它信息：
1.性状：无色六角结晶性粉末。[13]
2.熔点（℃）：275（分解）[14]
3.相对密度（水=1）：1.85[15]
4.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：2.2[16]
5.溶解性：溶于水、液氨，不溶于乙醚，微溶于乙醇。[17]
安全信息
- 外观与性状：
- 无色六角结晶性粉末。
- 密度：
- 1.85
- 熔点：
- 275 °C
- 沸点：
- 300 °C
- 闪点：
- 300 °C
- 水溶解性：
- 420 g/L (17 ºC)
- 存储条件/存储方法：
- 2-8°C
- 稳定性相关：
1.在高于其熔点的温度下可分解爆炸；可以与金属、酸和氯化溶剂形成叠氮化物，有爆炸危险；所有用量应很少，操作应该在通风橱中进行；多余的叠氮化钠应该在通风橱中用酸化的亚硝酸钠浸泡或者用四价的硝酸铵铈盐氧化除掉[1]。
叠氮化钠是一种有亲核性的叠氮化物，通常情况下，几何异构的二卤化物与叠氮化钠反应，生成有几何异构的叠氮化物[2]；在相同的条件下，也会出现不寻常的腈化物[3]。二氧磷化物的叠氮化开环反应的立体选择与溶剂有很大关系 (式1)[4]。
在NH4Cl溶液中，NaN3与环氧酯反应，可以得到产率为60%的产物 (式2)[5]。
在亲核试剂存在下，可以实现异氰酸酯的诱导。一些环酐类物质反应生成异氰酸酯后，可以连续地进行环化。在甲醇中，N-acyloxazo- lidinone与NaN3反应，生成相应的醇 (式3)[6]。此外，酯在NaN3的甲醇溶液中发生裂解，生成醇 (式4) [7]。
有机叠氮化物与烯烃反应，可以得到三唑啉 (三唑由炔得到)、吖丙啶和其它的杂环化合物[8]。产生的三唑啉随后进行裂解，可以得到其它的杂环化合物 (式5)[9]。叠氮化钠和α,β-不饱和烯烃 (或者炔烃) 反应，根据取代的不同情况得到不同的杂环化合物 (式6)[10]。
N,N-二乙基甲酰基叠氮化物可以通过NaN3与三乙胺反应制得 (式7)[11]。芳香醛与NaN3在室温下反应，生成芳香醛叠氮化物 (式8)[12]。
2.稳定性[20] 不稳定
3.禁配物[21] 酸类、酰基氯、活性金属粉末、强氧化剂
4.避免接触的条件[22] 受热、摩擦、震动、撞击
5.聚合危害[23] 不聚合
- 其它信息：
1.性状：无色六角结晶性粉末。[13]
2.熔点（℃）：275（分解）[14]
3.相对密度（水=1）：1.85[15]
4.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：2.2[16]
5.溶解性：溶于水、液氨，不溶于乙醚，微溶于乙醇。[17]
毒理性
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- VY8050000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Sodium azide
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 26628-22-8
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 74
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- N3-Na
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 65.02
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- NA Z
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 786 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 29 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - increased intracranial pressure Cardiac - pulse rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 129 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate Cardiac - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 14 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Cardiac - change in force of contraction
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - headache Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 710 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 143 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - irritability
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 27 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 30 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 45100 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intratracheal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 47500 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 27 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- CLDND* Compilation of LD50 Values of New Drugs. (J.R. MacDougal, Dept. of National Health and Welfare, Food and Drug Divisions, 35 John St., Ottawa, Ont., Canada)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 28 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 23060 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 19 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- CLDND* Compilation of LD50 Values of New Drugs. (J.R. MacDougal, Dept. of National Health and Welfare, Food and Drug Divisions, 35 John St., Ottawa, Ont., Canada)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 27 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Primate - monkey
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 12 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 20 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 17 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Bird - wild bird species
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 23700 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5206 mg/kg/39D-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 81250 ug/kg/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 240 mg/kg/14D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Cardiac - changes in heart weight Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 740 mg/kg/74D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 81250 ug/kg/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2730 mg/kg/78W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5460 mg/kg/78W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Specific locus test
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Dominant lethal test
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Heritable translocation test
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - hamster Lung
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,293,1980 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-CL 0.29 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 0.11 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);STEL 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.07 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.07 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);STEL JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SODIUM AZIDE, as HN3-air:CL 0.1 ppm (Sk)REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 68820 No. of Facilities: 877 (estimated) No. of Industries: 13 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 5953 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 68820 No. of Facilities: 3640 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 54959 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 38370 (estimated)
- 毒理学数据：
1.急性毒性[18]
LD50：27mg/kg（大鼠经口）；27mg/kg（小鼠经口）；20mg/kg（大鼠经皮）；20mg/kg（兔经皮）
2.刺激性暂无资料
- 生态数据：
1.生态毒性[19]
LC50：0.8~1.6mg/L（96h）（虹鳟鱼）；0.8mg/L（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）
EC50：8.4mg/L（96h）（低额蚤）；4.2mg/L（96h）（水蚤）
2.生物降解性暂无资料
3.非生物降解性暂无资料
MSDS
| 第一部分：化学品名称 |
分子结构与计算化学数据
计算化学数据
1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无
2.氢键供体数量:0
3.氢键受体数量:2
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积3
7.重原子数量:4
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:15.5
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:2